This clause covers understanding the internal and external issues that your organisation should consider in the context of creating an ISMS. We provide some examples of both types of issues to look out for.
The second clause addresses understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties, including examples of how to identify these parties and stakeholder mapping to identify their needs.
This clause focuses on taking the learnings from clauses 4.1 and 4.2 and using them to determine what is in and out of the scope of your ISMS.
This clause simply states the requirements of organisations in terms of their ISMS: establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving their information security management system.